Bahria Journal of Professional Psychology

Development and Validation of Reasons for Online Truancy Scale for University Students

Kainat Latif — 2024-01-31

The present study aimed to develop a culturally relevant scale to assess the online truancy
among university students. Purposive sample of 350 university students was taken including
males (n = 152) and females (n = 198) with age range 19 to 28 years. Scale development
process consist of four steps that are, item pool generation , items evaluation and establishing
face validity, tryout and Exploratory Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation was used on the
sample of university students to analyze the items and form a factorial structure. Exploratory
Factor Analysis yielded 6 factors based on six distinct domains. Significant item-to total
correlations were found, psychometric properties of the scale were also established and
validation analysis revealed convergent and divergent validity of the scale. Future implications
of the research in educational field have also discussed.

Effect of Age Transition on Preoperative Anxiety among Women Undergoing Cardiac Surgery in Pakistan

Sadaf Javed — 2024-01-31

The aim of the study was to determine change in preoperative anxiety level, if any, among females of different age groups and compare baseline anxiety levels with preoperative anxiety. This cross-sectional study was conducted at different cardiac centers in two urban localities of Pakistan. A total of 383 female patients were included in this study through nonprobability consecutive sampling. Patients were divided into three age groups; <40 years, 40- 51 years and >51 years. Anxiety levels were assessed using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). For descriptive analysis, mean, and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables while for categorical variables, frequency and percentage were used. For analytical part, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were used. It was noted that majority of the study population belonged to <40 years’ age group. On STAI scale ranging from 20-80, mean preoperative anxiety levels were 47.30±10.74 as compared to baseline anxiety levels which were 43.16±10.51. Moreover, females less than 40 years of age reported highest levels of baseline anxiety as well as preoperative anxiety; also, a six-fold increase in anxiety levels was observed before surgery (p<0.05). It was observed that baseline anxiety was positively correlated with preoperative anxiety. Younger females are more prone to develop higher levels of preoperative anxiety and baseline anxiety has a direct influence upon preoperative anxiety levels.

Intimate Partner Violence and Gender Role Attitude as A Predictor of Mental Health Among Women

Anila Mukhtar — 2024-01-31

This study aimed to determine whether Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Gender role
Attitudes (GRAs) predict mental health in women. Further, it was hypothesized that there
will be a significant difference between IPV victims and non-victims with reference to their
GRA and mental health. For this purpose, a data of 115 (IPV victims=56, IPV nonvictim=59) women (married/ separated /divorced /widow), aged between 18 to 45 years
(M=30.88, SD=5.18), was collected using mixed sampling method, including convenient,
purposive and snow ball sampling techniques. Participants belonging to different educational
levels and occupations, were approached through both online and in-person means. The
scales used in the research were the Gender Role Attitude Scale (Kamal & Saqib, 2004),
Karachi Domestic Violence Screening Scale-Urdu (Hassan & Malik, 2009), and Mental
Health Continuum-Short Form Scale- Urdu version (Faran et al., 2021). Multiple linear
regression showed that IPV and GRA significantly predict mental health. Also, t-test depicted
IPV victims have more traditional GRA and poor mental health than non-victims. There is a
need for law enforcement agencies, influencers, and other professionals to take action to shift
GRAs and eliminate IPV, which will ultimately lead to improved mental health

Perceived Stress and Marital Adjustment: The Mediating Role Forgiveness Among Married Men and Women

Kainat Ikram — 2024-01-31

Current research was designed to assess the relationship between perceived stress,
forgiveness and marital adjustment among married men and women with mediating role of
forgiveness between perceived stress and marital adjustment as well. It was hypothesized that
there is likely to be a positive correlation between perceived stress, forgiveness and marital
adjustment among married men and women. It was also hypothesized that forgiveness is
likely to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and marital adjustment among
married men and women. Additionally, it was hypothesized that there is likely to be
significant gender differences between perceived stress, forgiveness and marital adjustment.
A sample 80 married men and 80 married women (N=160) with intact marriages, during their
first 5 years of marriage time span were recruited with snow ball sampling technique.
Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983), Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Laura, et al., 2003) and
Marital Adjustment Test (Locke & Wallace, 1959) were used for measuring the perceived
stress, forgiveness, and marital adjustment respectively. Demographic and correlational
analysis, mediation and independent sample t-test were performed. Findings showed that
there were significant positive correlations between perceived stress, forgiveness and marital
adjustment among married men and women. Further, forgiveness significantly mediated the
relationship between perceived stress and marital adjustment. Additionally, there were nonsignificant gender differences in perceived stress and marital adjustment but forgiveness was
significantly higher in married men as compared to married women.

Attachment Style: Influence of Social Phobia on Nomophobia

Sheeba Farhan — 2024-01-31

The present study investigated the relationship between nomophobia, attachment styles and
social phobia and the influence of social phobia on nomophobia. The study hypothesized that
there is a relationship in between nomophobia, attachment styles and social phobia, also social
phobia and age has an influence on nomophobia. Quantitative survey research design and
purposive sampling was used. A sample of 400 university students was selected. Data was
collected through Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ; Simpson et al.,1996), Nomophobia
Questionnaire (NMP-Q; Yildrim & Correia, 2015), Short form of Social Interaction Anxiety
Scale and Social Phobia Scale (SIAS-6, SPS-6; Peters et al., 2012). To analyze the data SPSS
V21 was used. Results indicate that nomophobia has significant correlation with attachment
style and anxiety attachment style. Nomophobia has non-significant correlation with avoidant
attachment style. Nomophobia has significant correlation with social phobia. Regression
analysis shows that there is a significantly strong effect of nomophobia on social phobia.
Whereas age did not predict nomophobia.